Compare Niue (2004) - Saint Helena (2005)

Compare Niue (2004) z Saint Helena (2005)

	Niue (2004)	Saint Helena (2005)

Administrative divisions	none; note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 14 villages at the second order	1 administrative area and 2 dependencies; Ascension, Saint Helena, Tristan da Cunha*
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 18.8% (male 715/female 691) 15-64 years: 71.3% (male 2,745/female 2,575) 65 years and over: 9.8% (male 330/female 404) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts, passion fruit, honey, limes, taro, yams, cassava (tapioca), sweet potatoes; pigs, poultry, beef cattle	corn, potatoes, vegetables; timber; fish, crawfish (on Tristan da Cunha)
Airports	1 (2003 est.)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 260 sq km land: 260 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 410 sq km land: 410 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Saint Helena Island, Ascension, and the island group of Tristan da Cunha, which consists of Tristan da Cunha Island, Gough Island, Inaccessible Island, and the three Nightingale Islands
Area - comparative	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC
Background	Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in 1966 to about 2,100 in 2004), with substantial emigration to New Zealand, 2,400 km to the southwest.	Uninhabited when first discovered by the Portuguese in 1502, Saint Helena was garrisoned by the British during the 17th century. It acquired fame as the place of Napoleon BONAPARTE's exile, from 1815 until his death in 1821, but its importance as a port of call declined after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869. Ascension Island is the site of a US Air Force auxiliary airfield; Gough Island has a meteorological station.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	12.33 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA	revenues: $11.2 million expenditures: $11 million, including capital expenditures of NA (FY92/93)
Capital	Alofi	Jamestown
Climate	tropical; modified by southeast trade winds	Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Coastline	64 km	60 km
Constitution	19 October 1974 (Niue Constitution Act)	1 January 1989
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena
Currency	New Zealand dollar (NZD)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	6.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$418,000 (2002 est.)	NA (1996)
Dependency status	self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 1974; Niue fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense; however, these responsibilities confer no rights of control and are only exercised at the request of the Government of Niue	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (self-governing territory in free association with New Zealand)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$2.6 million from New Zealand (2002)	$12.6 million (1995); note - $5.3 million from UK (1997)
Economy - overview	The economy suffers from the typical Pacific island problems of geographic isolation, few resources, and a small population. Government expenditures regularly exceed revenues, and the shortfall is made up by critically needed grants from New Zealand that are used to pay wages to public employees. Niue has cut government expenditures by reducing the public service by almost half. The agricultural sector consists mainly of subsistence gardening, although some cash crops are grown for export. Industry consists primarily of small factories to process passion fruit, lime oil, honey, and coconut cream. The sale of postage stamps to foreign collectors is an important source of revenue. The island in recent years has suffered a serious loss of population because of migration of Niueans to New Zealand. Efforts to increase GDP include the promotion of tourism and a financial services industry, although Premier LAKATANI announced in February 2002 that Niue will shut down the offshore banking industry. Economic aid from New Zealand in 2002 was about $2.6 million.	The economy depends largely on financial assistance from the UK, which amounted to about $5 million in 1997 or almost one-half of annual budgetary revenues. The local population earns income from fishing, raising livestock, and sales of handicrafts. Because there are few jobs, 25% of the work force has left to seek employment on Ascension Island, on the Falklands, and in the UK.
Electricity - consumption	2.79 million kWh (2001)	4.65 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	3 million kWh (2001)	5 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location near Mutalau settlement 68 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Queen Mary's Peak on Tristan da Cunha 2,060 m
Environment - current issues	increasing attention to conservationist practices to counter loss of soil fertility from traditional slash and burn agriculture	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	-
Ethnic groups	Polynesian (with some 200 Europeans, Samoans, and Tongans)	African descent 50%, white 25%, Chinese 25%
Exchange rates	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.1620 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)	Saint Helenian pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000) note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by New Zealand High Commissioner John BRYAN (since NA May 2000) head of government: Premier Young VIVIAN (since 1 May 2002) cabinet: Cabinet consists of the premier and three ministers elections: the monarch is hereditary; premier elected by the Legislative Assembly for a three-year term; election last held 1 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2005) election results: Young VIVIAN elected premier; percent of Legislative Assembly vote - Young VIVIAN (NPP) 70%, Hunukitama HUNUKI (AI) 30%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor and Commander in Chief Michael CLANCY (since 15 October 2004) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, two ex officio officers, and six elected members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor is appointed by the monarch
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	canned coconut cream, copra, honey, vanilla, passion fruit products, pawpaws, root crops, limes, footballs, stamps, handicrafts	fish (frozen, canned, and salt-dried skipjack, tuna), coffee, handicrafts
Exports - partners	New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Cook Islands, Australia (2000)	Tanzania 30.3%, US 23.8%, Japan 10.4%, UK 7.1%, Spain 6.3% (2004)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship
GDP	purchasing power parity - $7.6 million (2000 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: 55%	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)	purchasing power parity - $2,500 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-0.3% (2000 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	19 02 S, 169 52 W	15 56 S, 5 42 W
Geography - note	one of world's largest coral islands	harbors at least 40 species of plants unknown anywhere else in the world; Ascension is a breeding ground for sea turtles and sooty terns
Highways	total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)	total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	food, live animals, manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, lubricants, chemicals, drugs	food, beverages, tobacco, fuel oils, animal feed, building materials, motor vehicles and parts, machinery and parts
Imports - partners	New Zealand mainly, Fiji, Japan, Samoa, Australia, US (2000)	UK 35.7%, US 17.6%, South Africa 17.5%, Tanzania 10.4%, Australia 5.5%, Spain 4.1% (2004)
Independence	on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	NA
Industries	tourism, handicrafts, food processing	construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA (2004 est.)	total: 19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 22.74 deaths/1,000 live births female: 15.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (1995)	3.2% (1997 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, FAO, PIF, Sparteca, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO	ICFTU, UPU
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue	Supreme Court; Magistrate's Court; Small Debts Court; Juvenile Court
Labor force	NA (1998 est.)	3,500 note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	most work on family plantations; paid work exists only in government service, small industry, and the Niue Development Board	agriculture and fishing 6%, industry (mainly construction) 48%, services 46% (1987 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 15.38% permanent crops: 11.54% other: 73.08% (2001)	arable land: 12.9% permanent crops: 0% other: 87.1% (2001)
Languages	Niuean, a Polynesian language closely related to Tongan and Samoan; English	English
Legal system	English common law note: Niue is self-governing, with the power to make its own laws	NA
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Assembly (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms; six elected from a common roll and 14 are village representatives) elections: last held 21 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 9, independents 11; note - all 20 seats were reelected	unicameral Legislative Council (16 seats, including the speaker, 3 ex officio and 12 elected members; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 27 June 2001 (next to be held June 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 15
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years (2004 est.)	total population: 77.76 years male: 74.86 years female: 80.81 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 95% male: NA female: NA	definition: age 20 and over can read and write total population: 97% male: 97% female: 98% (1987 est.)
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga	islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa
Map references	Oceania	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force	-
National holiday	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)	Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality	noun: Niuean(s) adjective: Niuean	noun: Saint Helenian(s) adjective: Saint Helenian
Natural hazards	typhoons	active volcanism on Tristan da Cunha
Natural resources	fish, arable land	fish
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]; Alliance of Independents or AI [leader NA]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	2,156 (July 2004 est.)	7,460 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA	NA
Population growth rate	0.01% (2004 est.)	0.59% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Georgetown (on Ascension), Jamestown
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 75%, Latter-Day Saints 10%, other 15% (mostly Roman Catholic, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-Day Adventist)	Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	NA (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	NA years of age
Telephone system	domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: country code - 683	general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic network international: country code - 290; HF radiotelephone from Saint Helena to Ascension Island, which is a major coaxial submarine cable relay point between South Africa, Portugal, and UK; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	1,100 est (2002)	2,200 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	400 (2002)	0 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	0 note: television programs are received in Saint Helena via satellite and distributed by cable (2002)
Terrain	steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau	Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note: the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman (2004 est.)	1.54 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (March 1999)	14% (1998 est.)

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